Ruger 10-22 Wooden Bullpup Stock

pathophysiology of lipid metabolism

Central Europe: about 40% of energy taken as fat, some polyunsaturated fatty acids (FA) are essential (10 g / d of linoleic acid, 2 g / d alpha -linolenic acid) -> -> Eicosanoids

storage v. fats + metabolites d. d. adipose tissue glucose in adipocytes, lipolysis of cAMP when required

transport as free FS, to albumin or lipoproteins in of cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids and proteins (apolipoproteins);
triglyceride: chylomicrons (triglycerides from food -> liver), VLDL (endogenous TG -> liver)
High cholesterol: LDL, low HDL

VLD -> reduction of IDL, LDL

cholesterol metabolism :
exogenously about 0.5 g / d, endogenously about 1 g / d;
about 40% absorbed
intracellular synthesis of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase)
high serum LDL, high dietary cholesterol intake - less> endogenous synthesis (suppression d. LDL . receptor inhibition d. HMG-CoA reductase in the liver cell)

still hypercholesterolemia Possible: saturates inhibited by LDL degradation, suppression d. d. LDL-receptor activity;

excretion: with biliary cholesterol or bile acids ; breakdown products of steroidal hormones, Hautsbschilferung

VLDL, IDL and LDL - atherogenic>
HDL -> protective

Exogenous pathway - intestinal :
triglycerides : pancreatic lipase in the duodenum, upper jejunum, absorption, re-assembled, m. Apo B -> chylomicrons (CM) -> lymph;
absorption d. glycerides induced Education v. AI, AII, AIV + in mucosa and liver in ApoB48 mucosa (essential f. CM-formation, but can not bind to LDL receptor);!
compound m. B48 on MTP = microsomal Triglyceridtransferprotein;
Apo C and E in the transfer of lymph HDL to CM
ApoCII stimulates LPL (lipoprotein lipase) on endothelial cells, - hydroysiert> triglycerides and removed from CM; liver takes CMR = Chylomikronenremnants of LRP (Apo -E-binding receptor)

cholesterol: from food + bile; absorption 25-75%;
unesterified -> in micelles m. Bile acids, triglycerides and phospholipids, possibly by spec. Sterol transporter
IZ Date: esterified to 80%